Saturday 25 May 2019

Flights cancelled after eruption on Mount Agung, Bali.

Flights to and from Bali have been halted following an eruption on Mount Agung, a 3000 m stratovolcano (cone shaped volcano made up of layers of ash and lava) on the eastern part of the island, on the evening of Friday 24 May 2019. The event lasted about four-and-a-half minutes, and threw incandescent rocks up to 3 km from the volcano, as well as causing ash falls in nearby communities. Volcanic ash is extremely hazardous to aircraft in a number of ways. At its most obvious it is opaque, both visually and to radar. Then it is abrasive, ash particles physically scour aircraft, damaging components and frosting windows. However the ash is most dangerous when it is sucked into jet engines, here the high temperatures can melt the tiny silica particles, forming volcanic glass which then clogs engine. When this happens the only hope the aircraft has is to dive sharply, in the hope that cold air passing through the engine during the descent will cause the glass to shatter, allowing the engine to be restarted. Obviously this is a procedure that pilots try to avoid having to perform. Despite this there has been no change to the volcano's alert status, with  the 4 km exclusion zone currently in place around the volcano thought to be sufficient.

 
Eruption on Mount Agung, Bali, on 24 May 2019. ABC News.

Mount Agung became active in September 2017, for the first time in over fifty years. This activity has caused considerable concern on the island, as when it last erupted in  1963-4, when it produced ash columns reaching 10 km above its 3 km high summit and lava flows that reached 7 km from the volcano, as well as triggering a series of lahars and pyroclastic flows that killed over 200 people, making people on the island very cautious about any future eruptions.

 The approximate location of Mount Agung. Google Maps.

The Indo-Australian Plate, which underlies the Indian Ocean to the south of Java, Bali and Lombok, is being subducted beneath the Sunda Plate, a breakaway part of the Eurasian Plate which underlies the islands and neighbouring Sumatra, along the Sunda Trench, passing under the islands, where friction between the two plates can cause Earthquakes. As the Indo-Australian Plate sinks further into the Earth it is partially melted and some of the melted material rises through the overlying Sunda Plate as magma, fuelling the volcanoes of Java and neighbouring islands.

 Subduction along the Sunda Trench beneath Java, Bali and Lombok. Earth Observatory of Singapore.

See also...

https://sciencythoughts.blogspot.com/2019/04/eruption-on-mount-agung-bali.htmlhttps://sciencythoughts.blogspot.com/2018/06/eruption-on-mount-agung-leads-to-flight.html
http://sciencythoughts.blogspot.com/2017/11/flights-to-and-from-bali-cancelled.htmlhttp://sciencythoughts.blogspot.com/2017/09/thousands-evacuated-from-area-around.html
http://sciencythoughts.blogspot.com/2017/03/magnitude-55-earthquake-beneath.htmlhttp://sciencythoughts.blogspot.com/2017/02/magnitude-46-earthquake-to-south-of.html
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