Mount Merapi, a volcano in central Java considered to be one of Indonesia's most active, produced its largest eruption so far in 2020 on Tuesday 3 March 2020, according to the
Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana, when an event lasting 450 seconds produced an ash column 6000 m high. The event happened early in the morning and produced ash falls in several communities close to the volcano, as well as temporarily closing
Adi Soemarmo International Airport in Central Java.
Mount Merapi lies in a densely populated area of Java, on the borders of
Central Java and Yogyakarta Provinces, only 28 km to the north of
Yogyakarta city. It has been erupting more-or-less continuously since
1548, and has been responsible for numerous fatalities, most recently in
1994 when a pyroclastic flow (avalanche of hot gas and ash) killed 27
people, mostly in the town of Muntilan, to the west of the volcano.
Since then Merapi has undergone tow major eruptive episodes, in 2006 and
2010, without any further loss of life, largely due to prompt
evacuations by Indonesian authorities.
The Indo-Australian Plate, which underlies the Indian Ocean to the south
of Java, is being subducted beneath the Sunda Plate, a breakaway part
of the Eurasian Plate which underlies Java and neighbouring Sumatra,
along the Sunda Trench, passing under Java, where friction between the
two plates can cause Earthquakes. As the Indo-Australian Plate sinks
further into the Earth it is partially melted and some of the melted
material rises through the overlying Sunda Plate as magma, fuelling the
volcanoes of Java and Sumatra.
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