Stricken tanker spills fuel oil in Ternate port, North Maluku Islands.

An oil tanker has sunk in the Port of Ternate, on Ternate Island in the North Malaku Group in Indonesia, after being struck be a freak wave. The Patriot Andalan, operated by state-owned oil company Pertamina was unloading its cargo of petrol and diesel, when the wave lifted the vessel onto a jetty, causing severe damage that resulted in the vessel capsizing and sinking. The tanker was carrying 5000 tonnes of diesel fuel and 2000 tonnes of petrol from a refinery in West Papua, of which 1000 tonnes of diesel and 600 tonnes of petrol had been unloaded when the vessel sank. It is unclear how much of the remaining oil has leaked into the sea.

The stricken Patriot Andalan on Wednesday 31 July 2013. Liputan6.

There are no reports of any casualties due to the incident, and Pertamina have assured residents of the island that there is no danger of fuel shortages occurring, but it is unclear what impact the spill will have on the local environment, potentially up to 6400 tonnes of oil could leak from the vessel (though it is likely that some of this will remain on the vessel, which was split into a number of compartments, not all of which are likely to have been breached) and Pertamina are reportedly tackling the spill largely through the use of chemical dispersants, which are themselves thought to be lethal to many forms of marine life.

The Malaku Islands form part of the Coral Triangle, a biodiversity hotspot known as the 'Amazon of the Seas', which is home to around 30% of the world's coral reefs, as well as six of the world's seven marine turtle species and over 2000 species of fish, many of them highly endemic.

The location of the Port of Ternate. Google Maps.

See also Oil spill devastates popular Thai tourist resort, Nigerian sailor survives two days in sunken oil service vessel, Collision leads to oil spill on swollen Mississippi, Oil barge explosion in Port of Lagos and Building an artificial Coral Reef on Pulau Weh, Indonesia.

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Oil spill devastates popular Thai tourist resort.

The popular tourist resort of Prao Bay, on Ko Samet Island off the coast of Rayong Province in Thailand has been covered by a 30 cm thick layer of black crude oil, following a leak from a pipeline owned by PTT Global Chemical Plc, which developed problems on Saturday 27 July 2013, leading to the release of about 50 000 liters of oil. The spill has spread to several smaller neighbouring islands, and there are fears it may reach the mainland. Oil is produced from a number of fields in the Gulf of Thailand and shipped to a refinery in Map Ta Phut in Rayong Province by oil tanker. The pipeline that leaked is used to unload oil from tankers 20 km offshore from the refinery.

Thai soldiers attempting to Ao Prao Beach on Ko Samet Island on Tuesday 30 July 2013. Athit Perawongmetha/Reuters.

The company initially suggested the oil spill would be cleaned up within three days, though environmental groups were quick to point out that this was not only improbable, but implied that PTT had not thought through the possibility of a large spill, and how to deal with its consequences. It now looks likely that the tourist and fishing industries of the Gulf of Thailand will be badly affected by the spill for some time to come, with the Rayong Tourist Association warning that 30% of tourists on the island have already left.

The approximate location of the area affected by the 27 July 2013 PTT oil spill. Google Maps.

To make matters worse, the Thai Pollution Control Department are now suggesting that PTT may have used excessive levels of potentially harmful chemical dispersants while trying to control the spill. The company initially applied for permission to used 25 000 liters of dispersants, but was restricted to 5000 liters by the department, since a ratio of 1:10 is generally considered sufficient for the chemicals to work, and the dispersants are themselves thought to be lethal to many forms of marine life. The department now says the company has admitted to using 35 000 liters of dispersant, enough to (in theory) disperse around 350 000 liters of oil. This has led to the suggestion by biologist Pahol Kosiyachinda of Mahidol University that the spill may have been considerably larger than PTT are admitting. 

A vessel spraying chemical dispersants near Ao Prao Beach on Ko Samet Island on Tuesday 30 July 2013. Athit Perawongmetha/Reuters.

See also Gas and oil leak at Taylor Creek in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Two new species of Amphipod Crustacean from the Gulf of Thailand, Oil spill in the Ecuadorean Amazon, Three workers killed in rockfall at Thai limestone quarry and Collision leads to oil spill on swollen Mississippi.

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