The Southern Taurid Meteor Shower is expected to peak on Saturday 10 October 2020, the first of two overlapping meteor showers associated with the constellation of Taurus, the second being the Northern Taurids which will peak on Thursday 12 November. The showers take their name from the constellation of Taurus, where their radiant point (the point from which they appear to radiate) can be found. At peak activity this meteor shower only produced about five meteors per hour, however, they are typically quite bright and therefore relatively easy to spot, and since the shower occurs quite close to the New Moon on 16 October, viewing should be fairly good this year.
Meteor showers are thought to be largely composed of material from the tails of comets. Comets are composed largely of ice (mostly water and carbon dioxide), and when they fall into the inner Solar System the outer layers of this boil away, forming a visible tail (which always points away from the Sun, not in the direction the comet is coming from, as our Earth-bound experience would lead us to expect). Particles of rock and dust from within the comet are freed by this melting (strictly sublimation, transforming directly from a solid to a gas due to the low pressure on it's surface) of the comet into the tail and continue to orbit in the same path as the comet, falling behind over time.
The Southern Taurid Meteor Shower is caused by the Earth passing through the trail of Comet 2P/Encke, this is particularly spread out, so that the Earth takes several weeks to pass through it. This is thought to be because Encke is a remnant of a much larger Comet, which has broken up over the past 20 000 to 30 000 years, giving a long, spread-out debris stream.
Comet 2P/Encke was first observed by French astronomer Pierre Méchain in 1786, but gets its name from the German astronomer Johann Franz Encke, who calculated its orbit in 1818. The designation 2/ implies that it was the second Periodic Comet (comet with an orbital period of less than 200 years) ever discovered.
Comet 2P/Encke completes one orbit every 1204 days (3.3 years) on an eccentric orbit tilted at 11.8° to the plane of the Solar System, that takes it from 0.34 AU from the Sun (34% of the
average distance at which the Earth orbits the Sun, and inside the orbit of the planet Mercury) to 4.09 AU from the Sun
(4.09 times as far from the Sun as the Earth, considerably more than twice the distance at which the planet Mars orbits the Sun). As a comet with an orbital period of less than 200 years 2P/Encke is considered to be a Periodic Comet; it also gives its name to the Encke Group of Comets, which have orbits entirely within that of Jupiter.
See also...
Follow Sciency Thoughts on Facebook.
Follow Sciency Thoughts on Twitter.