A new species of Sponge dwelling Pontoniine Shrimp from Sabah State, Malaysia.

The Pontoniine Shrimps are an unusual group of Decapod Crustaceans (the group that also includes Crabs, Lobsters and most 'Shrimps') noted for their tendency to form commensal relationships with other invertebrates. Species are known which have such relationships with Sponges, Corals, Jellyfish, Hydrozoans, Siphonophores, Soft Corals, Snails, Clams, Starfish, Brittlestars, Crinoids, Sea Urchins, Sea Cucumbers and Sea Squirts. They are found in all tropical and sub-tropical marine waters, but are at their most abundant and diverse in the waters of the tropical Indian and western Pacific Oceans.

In a paper published in the journal Zootaxa on 6 August 2013, Charles Fransen of the Department of Marine Zoology at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden describes a new species of Sponge dwelling Pontoniine Shrimp from Sabah State, Malaysia.

The new species is placed in the genus Nippontonia, which previously contained only a single species, the Sponge-dwelling Nippontonia minirostris from the Japanese Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan. The new species is named Nippontonia christellae, in honour of the author's sister-in-law, Christel van Eijnatten, for her 'inspiring perseverance and positivism in conquering life again after it was almost taken from

her'. 

Nippontonia christellae is ~10 mm Shrimp, translucent and dotted with brown or green chromatophores (coloured cells). It was found living inside the Sponge Acanthostrongylophora ingens, and another unknown black Sponge at a depths of 10-15 m off the coast of Ligitan Island in the Celebes Sea off the east coast of Sabah State Malaysia (i.e. northern Borneo).

Nippontonia christellae, (top) female carrying eggs inside the Sponge Acanthostrongylophora ingens, and (bottom) line drawing of the same. Scale bar is 4 mm. Fransen (2013).

The approximate location of Ligitan Island, where Nippontonia christellae was discovered. Google Maps.

See also The effect of an invasive Crayfish on European wetlands, A new species of Peppermint Shrimp from the Caribbean, Two new species of Cave Crab from Christmas Island and The Christmas Island Blue Crab recognized as a distinct species.

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A new species of Peppermint Shrimp from the Caribbean.

Cleaner Shrimps of the genus Lysmata are known in the aquarium trade as 'Peppermint Shrimps'. They are popular in marine aquaria due to their bright colours, Fish cleaning behavior and ability to control aquarium pests such as Glass Anemones. They are also of interest to biologists due to their unusual reproductive cycle; the shrimps are protandric simultaneous hermaphrodites, which is to say they all start out as males and develop female sexual characters as they get older without ever losing their male organs. The genus is thought to contain a large number of cryptic species, i.e. species which look the same as other species but which are genetically distinct. This is made more complex by the fact that is has been recently shown that many non-cryptic species can only be distinguished by colour, with most specimens in museum and university colections being preserved in alcohol, which makes them loose their colouration.

In a paper published in the journal Zootaxa on 11 December 2012, Andrew Rhyne of the Department of Biology and Marine Biology at Roger Williams University and the Research Department at the New England Aquarium, Ricardo Calado of the Departamento de Biologia & Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar at the Universidade de Aveiro, and Antonina dos Santos of the  Instituto Nacional de Recursos Biológicos, describe a new species of Peppermint Shrimp from the Caribbean.

The new species is named Lysmata jundalini, in honour of Junda Lin of the Florida Institute of Technology, an expert on the biology of Lysmata. Lysmata jundalini is a small (6.5 mm) translucent Shrimp with rust-coloured longitudinal stripes. It is described from specimens found living of Puerto Rico, but is thought to live throughout much of the Caribbean. The species lives in the rubble zone on the tops of Coral reefs, and is often associated with the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus, Moray Eels and Porites sp. Corals.

Live color pattern of Lysmata jundalini in (a) lateral view, and (b) dorsal view. Rhyne et al. (2012).

See also Four new species of parasitic Copepods from Japan, A new Isopod Crustacean from a limestone cave in Brazil, Two new species of Cave Crab from Christmas Island, Nauplius Larvae frim the Windyfield Chert in Aberdeenshire, Scotland and The Christmas Island Blue Crab recognized as a distinct species.

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