The United States Geological Survey recorded a Magnitude 6.1 Earthquake at a depth of 217.0 km, approximately 37 km to the northwest of the town of San Antonio de los Cobres in Salta Province, Argentina, slightly before 0.55 am local time (slightly before 3.55 am GMT) on Sunday 10 January 2021. There are no reports of any damage or injuries relating to this event, but people have reported feeling it in across northeastern Argentina and northern Chile; this is fairly typical of Earthquakes at this depth, as the energy of the initial movement dissipates over a wide area before reaching the surface.
Salta Province is located on the eastern margin of the Andes Mountains, one of the most tectonically active mountain ranges in the world, and the plains to the east of these mountains. The Andes are being formed as the Nazca Plate to the west is subducted beneath the South American Plate. This causes quakes in a number of ways. Firstly there is friction between the two plates as the Nazca Plate passes under South America. Then there is crumpling and upthrust of the South American as it is pushed from the west by the Nazca Plate and from the east by the expansion of the Atlantic. Finally there is volcanic activity in the Andes, as lighter minerals in the Nazca Plate are melted by the heat of the Earth's interior, then rise up through the overlying South American Plate to form volcanoes.
This means that Earthquakes, even large events, are quite common in the area, but since the province is on the eastern margin of the Andes, such quakes usually happen at considerable depth (the margin between the Nazca and South American plates is angled downwards, so that maximum seismic activity happens close to the surface on the coast of Chile and deep within the Earth beneath eastern Argentina), so that much of the energy from the quake is dissipated before it reaches the surface.
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